1、含义不同
in case of的意思是防备、假如、若在……情况下，如果发生、万一；
in the case of的意思是就…来说，在…的情况下。假使，如果发生
2、用法不同
in case of后跟名词（动名词）、代词等；
in the case of后跟名词（动名词）、代词等；
例句：
In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 如有火灾，请按警铃。
In case of failure, their position would be dangerous in the extreme. 万一失败，他们的处境将是很危险的。
In case of urgency, call the police.
一旦发生紧急情况，打电话给警察。
In the case of different values, this sum is decreased.
在不同的值的情况下，这个和就会减小。
In the case of an error, another response would be generated.
如果有错误，会产生另一个响应。
in case of
1. 表条件。意为“如果；万一，一旦”。如：
You may ask your teacher in case of difficulty.
如果遇到困难你可以照老师。
In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 如有火灾，请按警铃。
In case of difficulty, just call on me.
如有困难，找我好了。
In case of urgency, call the police.
一旦发生紧急情况，打电话给警察。
In case of serious illness, the patient asks for more doctors.
急病请三医。
You can count on me to help in case of difficulty.
设有困难，当助一臂之力。
In case of rain the mass meeting will be postponed till the first fine day.
大会遇雨顺延。
In case of failure, their position would be dangerous in the extreme. 万一失败，他们的处境将是很危险的。
2.. 表原因或表否定的目的。意为“因为可能，以防；以备”。如：
Many shops along the route have been boarded up in case of trouble.
沿途很多商店的门窗都用木板封上了，以防不测。
The wall was built along the river in case of floods.沿河筑起防护墙，以防洪水。
In case of rain I have an umbrella.我带了把雨伞以防下雨。
Roden had already constructed a rude cabin for himself and his family in case of necessity.
罗登已为自己和家人搭好了一个简陋的小木屋，以备不时之需。
All exits must be kept clear in case of fire or a bomb scare
所有出口必须保持畅通，以防有火灾或炸弹威吓发生。
You’d better have two strings to your bow, just in case of emergency.
你最好有两手准备，以防万一。
The wall was built along the river in case of floods. 沿河筑了堤，以防洪水。
Keep an umbrella in case of rain. 带把雨伞，以防下雨。
Security forces have been put on standby in case of violence.
安全部队已处于待命状态，以防出现暴力事件。
I left for the office earlier than usual this morning in case of traffic jam. 为了防止交通堵塞，我今天早上比平常早去了办公室。
in the case of 意为“就……而言；至于；在……情况下”。如：
I dread to think what will happen in the case of a major emergency
我不敢想在重大紧急情况下会发生什么。
Surgical training takes at least nine years, or 11 in the case of obstetrics
外科至少需要9年的专业训练，产科甚至需要11年。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
Children who take exams early will be allowed to drop a subject except in the case of maths, English and science.
提早参加考试的孩子们可以免修除数学、英语和科学以外的一门课。
Poverty depresses most people; in the case of him it was otherwise. 贫穷会把大部分人压垮，但对于他来说，情况可就不同了。
In the case of a physical change, no new substance is formed. 就物理变化而言，并不产生新物质。
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