Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by constant attention-seeking, emotional overreaction, and seductive behavior. People with this condition tend to overdramatize situations, which may impair relationships and lead to depression. Yet they are highly suggestible, easily susceptible to the influence of others.
表演型人格障碍以持续追求吸引别人注意、情绪反应过激、撩拨挑逗行为为特征。此类障碍患者常会小题大做，这可能会破坏患者的人际感情关系，并导致抑郁症，但该类患者非常容易受到暗示，即，极易受他人影响。
Definition / 定义
Individuals with histrionic personality disorder exhibit excessive emotionality—a tendency to regard things in an emotional manner—and are attention seekers.
People with this disorder are uncomfortable or feel unappreciated when they are not the center of attention.
Typical behaviors may include the constant seeking of approval or attention, self-dramatization, and theatricality. People with histrionic personality disorder may act self-centeredly or sexually seductive in inappropriate situations, including social, occupational, and professional relationships, beyond what is appropriate for the social context. They may be lively and dramatic, and may initially charm new acquaintances with their enthusiasm, apparent openness, or flirtatiousness. They may also, however, embarrass friends and acquaintances with excessive public displays of emotion, such as embracing casual acquaintances with passion, sobbing uncontrollably over minor setbacks, or having temper tantrums.
表演型人格障碍患者过度情绪化——易于感情用事，而且喜欢吸引别人目光。
当他们并非目光焦点时，他们会感到不舒服，或认为是别人有眼无珠。
典型行为可能包括：持续吸引别人认可或注意力、自我夸大、戏剧化。
表演型人格障碍患者可能会在不适宜的情形下，如社交、职场、专业场合中，表现出不适宜该场合的以自我中心、或性挑逗勾引的行为。
他们可能会充满活力、举止奔放，可能刚开始会凭借他们的热情、开放、或调戏言行吸引住新认识的人。
但他们也可能会因为在公开场合的过度情感流露令朋友和周围的人尴尬，比如热情似火地拥抱一个不是很熟的人，或遇到一点小挫折就止不住地抽泣，或发脾气等。
People with histrionic personality disorder commandeer the role of “life of the party.” Their interests and conversation will be self-focused. They use their physical appearance to draw attention to themselves. They tend to believe that relationships are more intimate than they actually are. Their emotional expression may be shallow and rapidly shifting. Their style of speech is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail. They may do well with jobs that value and require imagination and creativity, but will probably have difficulty with tasks that demand logical or analytical thinking.
表演型人格障碍患者喜欢扮演“派对灵魂人物”的角色。
他们的兴趣与谈话以他们自己为中心。
他们利用外表来吸引别人目光。
他们易于误认为他们与别人的关系很亲密，但实际上并非那么亲密。
他们的情绪可能会很肤浅多变。他们的语言风格过度“印象派”，缺乏详实信息。
他们可能会擅长注重想象力和创造性的工作，但在需要逻辑和分析型思维的工作任务中，可能会无法胜任。
Symptoms / 症状
DSM-5
According to the DSM-5, for a diagnosis of histrionic personality disorder to be given, five or more of the following symptoms must be present:
根据 DSM-5（精神疾病诊断与统计手册），确诊表演型人格障碍，需至少满足以下5条症状：
- Self-centeredness, feeling uncomfortable when not the center of attention
- Constantly seeking reassurance or approval
- Inappropriately seductive appearance or behavior
- Rapidly shifting emotional states that appear shallow to others
- Overly concerned with physical appearance, and using physical appearance to draw attention to self
- Opinions are easily influenced by other people, but difficult to back up with details
- Excessive dramatics with exaggerated displays of emotion
- Tendency to believe that relationships are more intimate than they actually are
- Is highly suggestible (easily influenced by others)
- 以自我为中心，当不是目光焦点时，会感到不舒服；
- 持续寻求肯定或认可；
- 不适宜的挑逗引诱的外表或行为；
- 情绪状态多变，并且这些情绪在别人看来很肤浅；
- 过度在意外在形象，通过外在形象吸引别人注意；
- 观点容易受别人影响，但很难提供详实信息来作为支持论据。
- 情绪夸张，过度戏剧化
- 易于误认为跟别人关系很亲密，虽然实际上并没有那么亲密。
- 高度易受暗示（极易受到别人观点的影响）
In addition, the symptoms must cause significant impairment or distress in an individual.
另外，症状还必须对该人造成显著的损害或痛苦。
ICD-10
The World Health Organization’s ICD-10 lists histrionic personality disorder as A personality disorder characterized by:
世界健康组织的ICD-10将表演型人格障碍特征陈列如下：
- shallow and labile affectivity,
- self-dramatization,
- theatricality,
- exaggerated expression of emotions,
- suggestibility,
- egocentricity,
- self-indulgence,
- lack of consideration for others,
- easily hurt feelings, and
- continuous seeking for appreciation, excitement and attention.
- 肤浅、多变的情绪反应；
- 自我夸大
- 戏剧化
- 情绪表达夸张
- 易受暗示
- 自我中心
- 任性
- 不考虑他人
- 玻璃心
- 不断最求别人的欣赏、追求刺激、追求别人目光。
Mnemonic / 助记口诀
A mnemonic that can be used to remember the characteristics of histrionic personality disorder is shortened as “PRAISE ME”:
“表扬我”口诀，助记表演型人格特征：
- Provocative (or seductive) behavior
- Relationships are considered more intimate than they actually are
- Attention-seeking
- Influenced easily by others or circumstances
- Speech (style) wants to impress; lacks detail
- Emotional lability; shallowness
- Make-up; physical appearance is used to draw attention to self
- Exaggerated emotions; theatrical
- 挑衅（或挑逗）行为
- 误以为跟别人关系很亲密，实际上并非那么亲密
- 寻求别人注意
- 容易受到他人和客观情形的影响
- 说话（风格）想要给别人留下深刻印象，但缺乏详实信息
- 情绪多变、肤浅
- 在意妆容；利用外在形象吸引别人注意
- 情绪夸张；戏剧化
The cause of histrionic personality disorder is unknown, but childhood events and genetics may both be involved. HPD occurs more frequently in women than in men, although some experts contend that it is simply more often diagnosed in women, because attention-seeking and sexual forwardness are less socially acceptable for women than for men.
表演型人格障碍的起因不明，但可能受到童年经历和遗传的影响。HPD（表演型人格障碍）相对于男性，更多见于女性群体，但一些专家反驳这一观点，他们认为实际只是更常在女性群体中诊断出该障碍，因为相对于男性，女性的追求别人注意、撩拨挑逗等行为更不易于被社会接受。
People with this disorder are usually able to function at a high level and can do well in social and occupational environments. They may seek treatment for depression when their romantic relationships end. They often fail to see their own situation realistically, instead tending to overdramatize and exaggerate. Instead of taking responsibility for failure or disappointment, those with the disorder typically cast blame on others. Because they tend to crave novelty and excitement, they may place themselves in risky situations. Their behavior may lead to a greater risk of developing depression.
该障碍患者通常颇有地位，而且在社交和职业环境中也颇为顺利。当他们恋爱关系结束时，他们可能因为抑郁而寻求治疗。他们通常无法客观认识到自己的实际处境，而是易于夸张夸大。他们不会为失败、失望等承担责任，而是习惯推卸责任。由于他们追求新奇刺激，他们常常将自己置于险境。他们的行为可能会导致更高的罹患抑郁症的可能性。
Treatment / 治疗
The recommended form of treatment for histrionic personality disorder is psychotherapy. That said, therapy for people with this diagnosis is often challenging, because they may exaggerate their symptoms or ability to function. They may also be emotionally needy and challenge the behavioral boundaries set up by the therapist. Therapy should generally be supportive and solution-focused.
Because depression can be associated with failed romantic relationships, patients with histrionic personality disorder often seek treatment when they are experiencing symptoms of depression.
针对表演型人格障碍，建议采用心理疗法治疗，尽管如此，治疗却通常是充满挑战的，因为这些患者可能会夸大他们的症状或行动能力。他们还可能在情感上高需求，并挑战心理医师所设定的行为界限。通常应采取支持型、焦点解决治疗策略。
由于抑郁可能会与失恋相关，表演型人格障碍患者通常在表现出抑郁症症状时寻求治疗。
原创文章，作者：晴天，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.bnfrf.com/10548.html
